Passive Voice What is Passive Voice How to Improve it with Examples

Passive Voice What is Passive Voice How to Improve it with Examples Passive Voice: What Is Passive Voice How to Improve It with Examples Passive voice has its purposes. It really does. In fact, it can be the politically correct way to phrase something.Imagine†¦The setting: a public school libraryThe players: a librarian (OK, I’m the librarian) and 15 first gradersThe scene: The librarian is reading aloud nonfiction books about sharks.The question: â€Å"Why do sharks _______________?† (some intriguing behavior too complex or gory for me to explain or possibly even understand)The passive voice answer that keeps me employed in a public school: â€Å"That’s the way they were made.†The active voice answer that I would tell my grandchildren: â€Å"God made them that way.†Heres what youll learn about passive voice:What is passive voice?How much passive voice can you use?How to choose to use passive or active voiceActive voice examplesHow to vary your sentence varietyHow to find your percent of passive voiceNOTE: We cover everything in this blog post and much more about the writing, ma rketing, and publishing process in our VIP Selfs:ACTIVE: I love reading.PASSIVE: Reading is loved by me.ACTIVE: AC/DC Thunder won the game easily.PASSIVE: The game was won easily by AC/DC Thunder.With students, the focus is on active voice; with a professional writer like yourself, you will most likely have a blend of both active and passive sentences, but active should still far outweigh passive.Active VS Passive Voice with ExamplesFrom Billboards â€Å"The Biggest Hits of All: The Hot 100s All-Time Top 100 Songs† I selected songs that used active voice in their titles. (WHO selected them? I selected them. That’s another easy example of active voice.)Here are song titles along with a rewrite in passive voice:â€Å"I Love Rock ‘N Roll† * Rock ‘N Roll Is Loved by Meâ€Å"I Gotta Feeling† * A Feeling Was Gotten by Meâ€Å"You Light Up My Life† * My Life Was Lit Up by You†Ã¢â‚¬Å"We Found Love† * Love Was Found by Usâ€Å"I Wan t to Hold Your Hand† * Your Hand Is What I Want to Holdâ€Å"Another One Bites the Dust† * The Dust Was Bitten by Another Oneâ€Å"I Will Always Love You† * You Will Always Be Loved by Meâ€Å"I Heard It Through the Grapevine† * It Was Heard Through the Grapevine by MeSentences with the understood subject (you) have an imperative active voice which is much more authoritative than passive tense:(You)† Un-Break My Heart† * My Heart Should Be Unbroken by You(You) â€Å"Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree† * A Yellow Ribbon Should Be Tied Round the Ole Oak Tree by You(You) â€Å"Let the Sunshine In† * The Sunshine Should Be Let In by You(You) â€Å"Play That Funky Music† * That Funky Music Should Be Played by YouConversely, this next song title has a passive voice that works: â€Å"That’s What Friends Are For† (better than Friends Are for That).With the rewrites changing active voice to passive, did you dis cern a pattern where many of them ended with a prepositional phrase containing the person doing the action?Think of gossip. People want to know who is doing what! (They really did that? You’re kidding!) Put the subject right at the beginning so everyone knows whom you’re talking (writing) about and what they did!How to Vary Your Sentence Variety Using Passive Voice and Active VoiceIf you have the same subject over and over and if the object is more of the point anyway, passive voice allows for sentence variety.Furthermore, if it doesn’t matter who did the action because the result is the point, passive voice works.The chairs in the old high school library were refinished and moved to the new library weeks before the tables were moved. Temporary chairs were in the high school library. I needed the tables from the old elementary library to sort the genre boxes, so students had chairs, but no tables for a while. The elementary students enjoyed sitting at the  "invisible† tables and joked how they didn’t have to push in their chairs when they left.After class, a first grader told his teacher very sincerely, â€Å"The tables really are invisible!†I smile whenever I think of his endearing comment.Passive voice rationale: It didn’t matter who had refinished and moved the chairs or who had put temporary chairs in the high school library. I hadn’t done those things, and those details would not have added to the book. Nonetheless, I had completed the genrefication project (where the library was totally reorganized by book genres). I didn’t want to start almost every sentence with â€Å"I + action verb + direct object.† It would sound awkward to repeatedly start sentences with â€Å"I did this, I did that, I, I, I†¦.†Passive Voice Checker How to Determine Your Percent of Passive VoiceBeyond the basic spelling and grammar check (which can be helpful with tools like Grammarly or even Hem ingway Editor) is Word’s readability feature.It tells you various details about your writing, including the percentage of passive sentences, the Flesch Reading Ease, and the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level. For example, the segment about the chairs and the invisible tables scored an 8.8 Flesh-Kincaid Grade Level, which means it was written at a reading level where an 8th grader in the 8th month of school should be able to comprehend the text.Many teen and adult fiction books are written at 4th 6th-grade reading levels (based on Accelerated Reader scoring) because the writing flows at those levels for recreational reading compared to reading to learn new information. Newspapers may rank more at a 10th-grade reading level, depending on the complexity of the information.If you are using Word and would like to know your percentage of passive sentences and readability scores, here’s what you do:Go to Review at the top of Word.Select Spelling Grammar from the top left.Select Op tions from the pop-up.Select Settings at the bottom of the next pop up (next to Writing style:)Then scroll down until you see Passive Voice and check the boxSelect OK and youll now be able to check your passive voice in WordIn case you were wondering (and even if you weren’t), this article was written at a 6.7 reading level with 6% sentences being passive.Now check some of your writing and see if you agree with your results. By the way, I just took my own advice here and checked my children’s picture book, The Flower Fairies Meet the Talking Rainbow Rocks. It contains 4% passive sentences (acceptable to me) but has a 4.1 reading level, which is higher than I would have guessed and higher than I had planned for a picture book.My book’s science-related terms increased the reading level. Word’s readability tool actively helps with various writing considerations beyond passive voice. You may use it purely for passive voice, but it will tell you even more.Acti ve writing is lively writing. It is aggressive in the most positive sense. It burrows in there and zooms straight to the point. Stay active with your writing, and stay active in your writing.Are you ready to write a bestseller?Together we can take your writing up a notch and you can self-publish a book that becomes the next bestseller!

Genetic Enhancement essays

Genetic Enhancement essays Complaining about What is scarring people in these days is the possibility of cloning discoveries. At this point the question is: how this discovery will affect our society? And what is the scientists goal?. We all are worried about this discovery because what come out from scientists it is not really reassuring. Even scientists dont know what will be the long- terms effects of playing with genes if they might have bad results on patient's descendants. Moreover, by altering the natural course of nature on people, making them thinner, healthier we might increase marginalizazion and discrimination of people who cant or just dont want to be genetically enhanced. In response to pressure from society, We should stop and think before allowed scientists to go on without strict controls. All the attention these days to concerns about human cloning has pushed other controversial areas of medical science into shadows. The first attempts are to carry out genetic enhancement in humans could soon be under way. The goal of genetic enhancement is not to treat people with diseases or abnormalities, but to make healthy people more attractive. To do so, it would employ the recombinant- DNA techniques from monocular biology that emerged in the 1970s. This permits scientists to remove individual genes from one organism and introduce them into another, even on another species. Although we belief that The therapy aims to overcome health problems by giving the effected individuals the normal- or functioning- gene. Allowing genetic enhancement in more than a few very special cases poses real problems. First, the risks to the patient at present are very great compared with the possible benefits. We sill know very little about how they act- a single gene can have multiple effects in different parts of the body. Moreover, genes do not act alone: the ire effects are amplified, demitted, or counterbalanced by others ge ...

Cloning Devices Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Cloning Devices - Research Paper Example In this scenario, IBM compatible computers can be considered as an excellent example of computer cloning for the reason that they are a clones of IBM's original machines. In addition, the Compaq portable is known as the first IBM clone (TechTerms, 2013; Computer Hope, 2013). The history of the "cloning" can be traced back to mid-1980s when it was first used to define Windows-based or DOS (disk operating system) computers developed by organizations other than IBM. In this scenario, the machines developed by the third parties were referred to as "IBM compatible" or "IBM clones," computers. The reason for using the term clone to describe these computers was that these computers worked accurately in the same way as the ones developed by IBM Corporation. In fact, these machines ran the same software and used the same hardware as was used in their original versions. Additionally, PC clones are still useful and are built frequently. In addition, now the trend of making clones has attained t o an extensive growth and more than dozens of development firms have already working in this domain. For instance, some of the well-known firms such as Dell, HP, Gateway, Sony and Compaq as well as many other manufacturers all make Windows-based computers. In fact, the trend of using clones has also increased to a huge extent. For instance, PCs (personal computers) are actually used to refer to the IBM clones. Up till now, the concept of cloning was used in the context of hardware however the term "clone" can also be utilized to express software that is built for the same purpose as another more typical software program. In fact, the term cloning can be used for a variety of types such as electronic devices excluding computers that work similar to other electronics (TechTerms, 2013; The SCO Group, Inc., 2004). The research has shown that the development of a clone provides a variety of advantages. Some of the common uses of cloning are outlined below: Reinstatement of computer after a crash Without a doubt, a clone of boot drive is believed to be a critical tool for retrieval from a state that occurs due to a system crash or failure. If a person or a company does not develop a clone, then the recovery from a system crash or failure can take a lot of time (i.e. from a few hours to a few weeks), even though they have implemented a proper back up plan. Basically, the development of a bootable clone allows the company to clone a variety of bootable files which encompass programs (normally), system operating system, user settings, and a variety of updates, software customizations, passwords, and many more. Even though an organization has made sure that all its applications and programs are available on readily-available optical disc, they can still take days to load again, configure and update everything. On the other hand, if the firm or an individual has developed a latest bootable clone, it will require you only a few minutes to get your business or routine acti vities back on the track. Repair of previous operating system or programs after a failed upgrade There are many cases when an individual or an organization attempts to upgrade their operating system or major functions of some critical application and they go extremely off-center, and their computer may fail to perform critical operations. In many cases it happens due to inefficiency of a hardware component that is required to support an upgraded component

Is Experience More Preferable over Academic Results Personal Statement

Is Experience More Preferable over Academic Results - Personal Statement Example My major is economics hence working in this environment was both beneficial and eye-opening for me. As a personal assistant I was able to see the CEO go through her day and the different decisions she was required to make for the benefits of the business. Â  Here I learned my first lesson which was that one must adjust in the practical world and must be ready to make on the spot decisions. The CEO was always under a lot of pressure and had to attend to many different things at the same time. However, I was admirable of her capability to keep calm and delegate each requirement in ways which enabled all the requirements to be met.The economic world is also the same in the sense that economies are always changing. In order for one to stay ahead in this field, he or she should be ready to adjust to different markets and different conditions. One can easily be overwhelmed by the constant changes or requirements, however, the internship taught me that it is easier to make decisions with a cooler head and panicking only slows down the thinking and adaptive process. I was also able to see the different business decisions that the company made and the CEO gave me some advice in about business and how one is always required to take risks, however, they must be calculated and not place the integrity of the person or the company in jeopardy.I also learned many things from being part of a working environment. There are many different characters and people in a company and there will naturally be conflicts of interest at some point. This is especially present in fields involving economics as the profession is very competitive. Hence, by being in this environment I was able to learn about teamwork and how working well with others can help one fulfill his or her duties.

The Different Lifestyles Between an Alcoholic and Non-Alcoholic Essay Example for Free

The Different Lifestyles Between an Alcoholic and Non-Alcoholic Essay A person’s body that is physically dependent on alcohol is known as alcoholism. An alcoholic can be called an addict; someone who is addicted to alcohol. (More on the definition of â€Å"addict† is further in this essay). Alcoholism is a very serious illness that affects about 30 percent of people; 10 percent of women and 20 percent of men (Green Health Edition, Chapter8, page 222H). People all over the world and throughout history have used alcohol for every kind of social gatherings to religious ceremonies. It is said that alcohol enhances celebrations or special times; however, people have rarely ever thought about the impact alcohol can have. Research collected from the textbook, Green Health Edition, Chapter 8, page 222, even shows that very low levels of alcohol consumption may lower some health risks. However, while alcohol can sometimes play a positive role in some people’s lives (people who can control it); it needs to be remembered that it is a chemical substance that affects a person’s general personality and behavior. Alcoholism can affect individuals, as well as their families in a number of ways. Living a life of an alcoholic or a non-alcoholic is entirely a choice. Knowing the difference between an alcoholic lifestyle versus a sober lifestyle can hopefully help an individual make the right choice. Alcohol affects everyone on different levels, where one area may be more affected than another, depending on the alcoholic. Alcohol has a major negative impact on the individual as well as anyone else that is involved, and may need treatment to get their lives back to normal. The lifestyle of an alcoholic and non-alcoholic differentiates in many ways, ranging from family relations, to finances, to emotional/behavioral issues. Alcoholics can disrupt family life and cause harmful effects that can last a lifetime. Family interaction between an alcoholic differ majorly compared to family interaction involving a non-alcoholic. An alcoholic family or a family that has an alcoholic spouse or parent or parents suffers in many ways. If there is a celebration of any kind, the alcoholic will tend to bring alcohol to it, show up drunk or avoid going altogether. Drunkards will frequently withdraw themselves from family or social gatherings in order to commit more time to their drinking. Approximately 71 percent of drinkers have reported heavy alcohol consumption prior to attending a party, sporting event, or school-sponsored activity (Green Health Edition Chapter 8, page 223). This can ruin the celebration and cause emotional distress for the sober family members. A non-addict family will tend to have smooth running, well organized, have happy company at their celebrations or family gatherings. Another way a family can be affected by alcoholism is where a parent is the alcoholic. Most commonly, the majority of alcoholics are parents or those who have a similar type of framework of some sort in which they have the authority to be influential. Parental responsibilities are often ignored, leaving children to take care of themselves. This type of behavior creates an evident formula for catastrophe as toddlers, adolescents, and teenagers need embracive attention for adequate development. Children and young teens that see alcohol abuse tend to become more â€Å"susceptible to abusing alcohol themselves† (yourbesthealthcare. blogspot. com, para. 6) and at an early age. Parents can become verbally and physically abusive successfully cutting emotional ties that become relevantly involved with the family relationship and with their children and perhaps even spouse. This could lead to a divorce which causes even more emotional drama on young children. A non-alcoholic family is more prone to have a happy functional family. The children do better in school, behave better in social events, teens perform better academically, and will most likely not fall into the pattern of alcohol abuse. Those are the families whom are those that communicate with one another, work and compromise together, parent together, and the children have a safer and stable environment and foundation to grow up on. Alcoholics go through money just as fast as they do their alcohol. Fiscal disciplinary actions are almost unavoidable when a person develops an alcohol addiction. Just financially supporting the habit of drinking alcohol alone can off balance a family budget. An alcoholic may take money aside or hide spending money for the wanted alcohol. Some liquor can indeed be quite taxing to a budget, especially when an addict’s tolerance keeps growing. Alcoholics sometimes depend on other family members to step in and help with their finances. This is where family member can become the alcoholic’s enabler without realizing it. â€Å"Families are desperate to fix the drinker’s problem, to show them there is a better way to live, because one believes it will demonstrate how much they are loved and they will return the love† (Al-Anon Faces Alcoholism 2012, page 6). Sometimes alcoholics may steal possessions or money to support their addiction. Alcoholism can have a tremendous financial impact on an individual and families. With increased finances coming from the budget and going to the increased need for alcohol, â€Å"financial duties, such as bill payments, can be put at risk because it is necessary for the alcoholic to get a drink† (yourbesthealthcare. blogspot. com, para. 4). Besides money leaving the family budget, alcoholics can even put their job security at risk causing an inconsistency that generally is noticed by supervisors, which in turn are reported to the boss. This can cause frequent job changes and the loss of jobs, which causes the finances to fluctuate. Sometimes a person may use this for an excuse to drink even more because they cannot deal with the financial strains and stress. Not only does a person’s finance suffer from the wanted addiction itself, but also their pocket book’s hole can grow even bigger when you mix it with legal issues. There can be legal fees, higher insurance fees, court costs, fines, and if you are involved in an automobile accident and you get a DUI, you could face the cost of car repairs, medical bills or replacement costs. The financial pinch can hurt worse if the individual goes to jail or even loses their driver’s license. Losing a driver’s license can make it more difficult to keep or get a job. If your loved one, whether it is a son/daughter or a spouse, goes to jail or even, gets sentenced to an extensive rehabilitation facility, this, too, can cause financial strain. On top of losing the extra income through the now absent alcoholic, extra funds are needed to be placed on the individual’s book so they can order from Commissary, or make weekly phone calls that get expensive, and extra funds are also needed to travel to see your alcoholic, loved one. This all adds up and definitely adds to a major financial strain. â€Å"The fundamental activities of daily living and many of lifes chances to further ones economic standing are closely tied to an individuals current financial resources† (Pearlin Radabaugh, page 98, 1976). Sober families have a tendency to have better money management and are able to enjoy some of life’s finest things because they do not have money going to unwanted or unnecessary things, such as everything mentioned above. These are families and individuals who are able to rationally come up with financial goal plans, have the brain capacity to critical think, make effective decisions, and the ability to solve problems. They are able to prioritize goals and evaluate the importance of each while taking into consideration of the family and how they would affect them. Attitudes and values are more positive in this type of environment and most decisions are based on attitudes and values. As long as they are positive and healthy, then the outcome will be a healthy and positive one for the whole family. A big way that all families are affected by alcoholism is the alcoholic’s behavior, especially behind the wheel. Every family is affected by this, even families not involved in the alcoholic’s life. According to some research from the Green Health Edition textbook, Chapter 8, page 232, traffic accidents are the leading cause of death for all age groups from 5 to 45 years old and in 2008 nearly 32 percent of traffic fatalities involved at least one driver who was under the influence of alcohol. That is about 11,773 alcohol impaired driving fatalities in just one year. This survey represents an average of one alcohol-related fatality approximately every 45 minutes. About 49 percent of alcohol-related crashes were reported during the weekends, the days where most families go out to spend some quality family time, and it is said that the majority of alcohol-related fatal crashes occur at night compared to during the day, as well as the day or days of the week. According to: Drinking and Driving: Chapter Three, Alcohol and Its Consequences- Drinking and Driving Laws Insurance Institute of Indiana, an influenced driver has a risk of the likelihood of dying in a single vehicle crash is more than 382 times higher than for a nondrinker. Research from A. R. Phoenix Resources, Inc. finds that around 10 percent to 25 percent of drinkers report drinking to get psychological relief; to regulate negative emotion. It is said that most alcoholics drink because they are depressed, trying to hide certain unwanted emotions, or even suppress trauma from the past or present. The reason alcoholics drink varies from one drinker to the next, and the list can be endless. Why they drink is not too important, it is how they handle themselves. According to the 1996 A. R. Phoenix Resources Inc.an inmate workbook titled A New Freedom, section A Guide to Using Your New Coping Skills, there is a flow of events that lead to inappropriate behavior for individuals who go through negative emotions or do not know how to cope with them in a positive manner. The first stage is â€Å"Vulnerabilities†. These areas can put the alcoholic at risk, especially when he/she is not feeling very lovable, capable or worthwhile. It also includes discomfort with their own physical appearance, or health, unresolved or unaccepted issues of grief, anger, anxiety, or traumas. Next, is â€Å"Triggers†. A specific trigger, which can be an event or a thought (this includes people, places, things, and situations), can hit an individual in the most vulnerability spot. The next step is â€Å"Stinking Thinking†. Not everyone reacts appropriately to events or triggers. The way an individual may perceive an event may be faulty. It is common to overreact to certain triggers. Alcoholics tend to create unnecessary problems for themselves because of this. The fourth step is â€Å"Uncomfortable Feelings†. When an alcoholic thinks about these events, one may experience uncomfortable feelings, such as loneliness, anger, anxiety, sadness, or shame. These are normal feelings, but people choose to deal with them appropriately or in a dangerous fashion. Alcoholics will try to drink to forget about or wash away these feelings, where a non-alcoholic will tend to work through emotions and handle them positively. Then, â€Å"Isolation† is next. It often helps to talk about these feelings with others. If an individual is physically or emotionally isolated, then they have no help. This is where one will turn to drinking. Sometimes the isolation is deliberate; people have guilty secrets and stay away from others so the secrets do not get discovered. Next is the need for â€Å"Control†. It is common to feel the need to gain more control in our lives. People try to control the uncomfortable feelings and symptoms, but occasionally this means to control or manipulate relationships or the environment to create feelings of comfort or to reduce the discomfort. The eighth step in the cycle is the â€Å"Set-Up†. At this stage alcoholics have not fixed anything yet. An alcoholic will usually think about how they can seek relief for the discomfort- or seek a positive feeling (getting drunk) to deal with emotional issues. A non-alcoholic will tend to think how they can use positive coping skills at this point. Next is the â€Å"Behavior†. This is where the thoughts are put into action. People achieve relief for the discomfort through behavior. For an alcoholic, the relief is only temporary. The real problem was never addressed and this can cause additional problems. Alcoholics then, normally, face guilt afterwards. An individual may recognize that they have a problem and realize that they had made a mistake (again) and will deal with their feelings of guilt by justifying, rationalizing, or making promises to themselves or others, all while pretending everything is normal. An alcoholic typically thinks oneself is â€Å"fine†; thus they will continue on with their life with the additional vulnerability of having failed again. This pattern repeats itself again and again; it becomes a cycle. When a non-alcoholic faces this similar stage of emotional issues, they are typically more capable of handling the issues in a more effective way. They plan ahead on how to avoid temptations of making themselves feel better and avoid difficult situations. They tend to slow down, recognize what their feelings are telling them and they give themselves better options. Instead of drinking, one may choose to do breathing techniques, relaxation techniques, prayer, or seek out a supportive friend that they can talk with. Non-alcoholics have a different perspective on life and are able to focus on what is important. They are stronger and more capable at standing up for themselves and to themselves. They are able to love and accept themselves and others, and are able to keep their life, thoughts and feelings in balance. ‘People who are alcoholics are considered to be addicts; addicted to alcohol. According to Carl Jung, addiction is a spiritual illness, a spiritual search. One of the most poignant descriptions of addiction is found in Kahlil Gibran’s poem, â€Å"Jesus Knocking at the Gates of Heaven†. Addicts mean to go one place, and finishing in another. According to Dr. Carl Jung, they mean to find God. In a letter to Bill W. , the founder of Alcoholics Anonymous, Jung wrote regarding a patient. â€Å"His craving for alcohol was the equivalent, on a low level, of the spiritual thirst of our being for wholeness, expressed in medieval language: the union with God. † Jung went on to explain, â€Å"You see ‘alcohol’ in Latin is spiritus, and you see the same word for the highest religious experience as well as for the most depraving poison. The helpful formula therefore is: â€Å"spiritus contra spiritum† meaning, exchanging the ‘spirit of alcohol’ for the ‘spiritual awakening’ of Alcoholics Anonymous. In truth, most using addicts have to be â€Å"lifted up† by some outside force, family, friends, and society – to be restored to good health and healing. People need to know that even for those who seem initially not to want it, and some might say deserve it, recovery is possible’ (Jeanette McDougal, Addiction is a Spiritual Illness 2009). ‘Despite growing recognition of our national alcohol problem, fewer than 10 percent of alcoholics in the United States receive any care. Factors contributing to this low figure include inability or unwillingness to admit to an alcohol problem; the social stigma attached to alcoholism; breakdowns in referral and delivery systems (failure of physicians or psychotherapists to follow up on referrals, failure of clients to follow through with recommended treatments, or failure of rehabilitation facilities to give quality care), and failure of the professional medical establishment to recognize and diagnose alcoholic symptoms among patients. Most problem drinkers who seek help have experienced a turning point: A spouse walks out, taking children and possessions; the boss issues an ultimatum too dry out or ship out. Devoid of hope, physically depleted, and spiritually despairing, the alcoholic finally recognizes that alcohol controls his or her life. The first steps on the road to recovery are to regain that control and to assume responsibility for personal actions’ (Journal of Health and Social Behavior, (Dec 1994): pages 291-308). Alcohol kills more people under age 21 than cocaine, marijuana, and heroin combined (Green Health Edition Chapter8, page 223). The fact is, alcohol is a drug, and if it is not used responsibly, it can become dangerous. The lifestyle of an alcoholic and non-alcoholic differentiates in many ways, ranging from family relations, to finances, to emotional/behavioral issues. Alcoholism has negative effects on family relations. Emotional, physical, and even spiritual bonds can be broken. Divorces can happen and if there are children involved, they may pick up the habit at an early age. If a family’s reliance on financial needs is jeopardized in anyway by the alcoholic’s so-called â€Å"needs†, can cause a burden a family may not be able to handle. The alcoholism illness leaves the inability for the addict to provide for the family to the same standard of a non-alcoholic is drastically decreased, depriving the family of necessities. Alcoholism effects families by the individual’s choice of behavior because of emotional issues, however this affects the individual more so than the family. Alcoholics drink for many reasons, which are not important, but the self-destructing behavior is. Addicts tend to get themselves into a repeating cycle that will not end until they get help. Having the education on the effects of alcoholism can hopefully help aid a person to choose to live a non-alcoholic lifestyle. Alcoholics Anonymous as well as alcohol treatment provides a humane, successful second chance to lead a healthy, productive, alcohol free life. References: *Al-Anon Faces Alcoholism 2012 -brochure booklet *A New Freedom, 1996 A. R. Phoenix Resources Inc. : A Guide to Using Your New Coping Skills-an inmate handout worksheet/workbook from NEACC *A New Freedom, 1999 A. R. Phoenix Resources Inc. ; Healthy Relationships and Healthy Boundaries-an inmate handout worksheet/workbook from NEACC * Author Peirce, Robert S; Frone, Michael R; Russell, Marcia; Cooper, M Lynne Publication title: Journal of Health and Social BehaviorVolume 35Issue 4Pages 291-308Number of pages 18 Publication year 1994 Publication date Dec 1994 Title: Relationship and financial *Carl Jung, Letter to Bill W., founder of AA. AA Grapevine. January 1968 *Catalano, Ralph, David Dooley, Geojeanna Wilson, and Richard Hough.1993. Job Loss and Alcohol Abuse: A Test Using Data from the Epidemiologic Catchment Area Project. Journal of Health and Social Behavior 34:215-25. *CHAPTER 8 | ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO |GREEN HEALTH EDITION 223 M. *How Does Alcoholism Affect Families? | eHow. com By Remy Lo, eHow Contributor *How Drug Addiction and Alcoholism Affect Your Finances by erika.eHow. com *Jeanette McDougal an inmate handout on â€Å"Addiction is A Spiritual Illness† 2009 *Kessler, Ronald C. 1979. Stress, Social Status, and Psychological Distress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior 20:259-72. *Miss. Carter who is the head director of NEACC and has been for the past ten years *Voydanoff, Patricia and Brenda W. Donnelly. 1988. Economic Distress, Family Coping, and Quality of Family Life. Pp. 97-116 *yourbesthealthcare. blogspot. com.

Film Review of Blades of Glory Essay -- essays research papers

Blades of Glory, directed by Josh Gordon and Will Speck, is a hilarious comedy that turns figure skating into one big joke. This movie was so over-the-top, it was over over-the-top, but it kept the whole theater laughing throughout the entire movie, which is exactly what it was made to do. The movie’s plot is not very intricate, but it really doesn’t need to be. It’s about 2 Men’s Singles Figure Skaters that are the complete opposites of each other. Chazz Michael Michaels (Will Ferrell) is the notorious bad boy in figure skating, he’s very sexual and all the ladies swoon over him. Jimmy MacElroy (Jon Heder) is the good boy that pays attention to technical detail and precision. These two skaters compete against each other and end up getting a tie score for first place and the gold medal. Then, while on the podium, they start to bicker, and it leads to a brawl between the two of them. Because of that, they end up getting banned from Men’s Singles for the rest of their lives. The two of them find new, separate jobs, and after a while Jimmy’s stalker, Hector (Nick Swardsdon), tells...

How to improve homeland security in the United States Essay

Since the occurrence of the September 9, 2001 terrorist’s attacks and the constant threats by international terrorists such as the al Qaeda, and given the upsurge in other domestic terrorist networks within the United States, several agencies have had to be high on the alert for possible attacks. Moreover, other industries have also experienced the adverse effect of this menace. The entertainment industry for instance, was at an all time low point after the terrorist attacks of September 9, 2001. Woody Allen (2001) observed that â€Å"Everywhere you look in Hollywood since that tragic day; the entertainment landscape has been transformed, as if ripped asunder by a massive earthquake. People have come to work feeling like jittery sleepwalkers, especially after the studios received FBI warnings late last week that they could be possible targets for terrorism. Nearly every studio has been postponing films, giving them face lifts or tossing scripts out the window. â€Å" Los Angeles Times 09/25/01 Despite efforts made by U. S. n liaison with other countries to root out this evil, terrorists’ organizations continue to arm themselves with various complex assortments of weapons, and training their disciples each dawn. The problem of terrorism has further been complicated by terrorist friendly countries that provide financial support, military equipment and other kinds of assistance that help perpetrate the crime. As Rondea (2008) posits ‘Right now, terrorist friendly countries allow or support schools, training facilities and institutions that indoctrinate children into terrorist cause at a very early age. They are literally growing terrorists and terrorist sympathizers. Without ever having met an American, these children grow up into men and women who hate us and believe it is their duty to destroy our nation. These complex dynamic further complicates the problem, making efforts to stop terrorism futile. It is due to these eminent problems that this study has been undertaken in order to counter this problem and thus improve security in the United States. Greater focus has been put on the three most sensitive areas that have been frequently used in the past by terrorists to gain access to the United States. These key areas are: the aviation transport department, the visa waiver program, and the information technology. Aviation Transport Department America’s system for protecting and controlling commercial aviation and guaranteeing its citizens’ safety continues to be a major are of concern, especially after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. The Transportation Security System (TSA) employs the use of covert testing to discover techniques that are likely to be used by terrorists (Friedlander et. al 1979). This helps in identifying vulnerabilities and measuring the level of performance of airport systems. One of the methods used during these tests involve passing threat objects through passenger and luggage screening systems. This has been prompted by the realization that some terrorists smuggle dangerous chemicals onboard aircraft in order to construct explosives in flight (Clovis, 2008). Aviation security is made up of several layers. One layer involves the federal government’s ability to respond to threats, both actual and potential, while an aircraft is in flight. The Aviation and Transportation security Act which was enacted in November 2001 formed TSA as the agency in charge of securing all forms of transportation. TSA has since then, cooperated with other stakeholders in developing a layered approach that would guarantee the security of commercial aviation. This approach involves diverse yet coordinated measures that include providing flight and cabin crews with essential security training, thorough and systematic screening of travelers’ and luggage (Dacey, 2003). Response to an in-flight threat is, however, a duty well beyond the jurisdiction of the TSA. It involves four other departments namely: Justice, Defense, transportation, Homeland Security and the National Counterterrorism Center (NCTC). These agencies may coordinate their activities using interagency communication tools in case of security threats arising during in-flight. This coordination efforts are however not only intricate and complex, but also involving. The stages involved include: identifying and notifying concerned agencies of suspected threat; discussing pertinent information and working in collaboration to assess the degree of the threat; making a decision on the action to be undertaken to counter the threat, and taking the action; and where necessary, finalizing the law enforcement response upon landing of the flight (Claude, 2008). TSA working in coordination with DHS has made some progress to counter threats in the aviation industry. TSA has for instance, designed covert testing programs on a national and local level. These programs are risk-based and are aimed at achieving its goals of identifying and mitigating vulnerabilities in the aviation security system. Secondly, during the past seven years, several successful interagency operations have been undertaken by federal agencies, some of which have led to arrest and return of suspected terrorists to the United States to face trial. In addition, TSA’s Office of Inspection (OI) has utilized information on terrorist threats to improve its national covert tests and to select suitable airports for tests based on the likelihood of attack by terrorists. Moreover, the federal agencies have carried out more than 200 tests involving federal agencies, state and local participants. However, some tests conducted by TSA have occasionally failed. It is suggested that some of these failures may have been a direct result of poor screening equipment that fails to detect threat objects or a failure on the part of Transportation Security Officers (TSOs) to follow the screening procedures properly. Given that OI does not systematically record reasons for test failures, such failures can potentially limit TSA’s ability to counter identified vulnerabilities. Various suggestions are, therefore offered to help mitigate vulnerability that may arise as a result of such factors. First, documenting all specific causes for test failures related to Transportation Security Officers (TSOs) and those related to screening procedures, is critical to aviation security. This documentation should be done in the covert testing database in order to help TSA recognize areas that need improvement and undertake the necessary steps towards making these improvements. It is also suggested that a systematic process of collecting, analyzing, passing of information on effective practices that are used by airports whose security levels are commendable, need to be put in place at other airports to help TSA managers improve the standards of operation in checkpoint screening operations. Moreover, the Office of Security Operations (OSO) needs to consider in time all recommendations that OI makes as a direct result of covert tests. It should then state its rationale for undertaking or not undertaking to address the recommendations made. In addition, an evaluation need to be done to see whether the steps taken to implement OI’s recommendation actually countered the identified vulnerability or did not. These evaluation needs to be developed by OSO since they are better placed to make follow up and see the changes brought by implementations recommended (Dacey, 2003). Finally, it is also recommended that in order to mitigate vulnerabilities in the transportation security system, threat and risk assessment need to be done. Billions of dollars are spent by the United States annually in countering terrorism yet it is doubtful that these funds are channeled in the right amounts or even in the right programs. An assessment would be beneficial in helping target these funds, consider priority activities and avoid duplicating effort (Dacey, 2003). Cybersecurity Federal agencies are confronted with constant cybersecurity threats brought about by the increase in sophisticated attack methods or the transformation of typical attacks into complex forms that render efforts to counter them almost impossible. Some notable examples include unsolicited commercial e-mail (spam), messages aimed at fraudulently obtaining personal or sensitive data (phishing) and software that monitors the activities of the user without the user being aware or consenting to such intrusion (spyware) (Hare, 2008). Even though initiatives have been undertaken by several entities operating within the federal government, the risk posed by the blending of these threats cannot easily be mitigated with the available equipment at the moment. Some of the initiatives already undertaken include: enlightening consumers about these threats, and targeting computer crime (Perrow, 2007). The United States Government Accountability Office (GAO) recommended that in order to ensure cybersecurity, a number of measures would need to be undertaken. Firstly, DHS’s United States Computer Emergency Readiness Team (US-CERT) would have to conduct frequent cyber analysis and warnings in order to make timely detection of attacks and threats. Secondly, frequent cyber attack exercises should be conducted and lessons learned be fully implemented. According to GAO’s recommendation, this can be accomplished by completing all corrective activities that the department identifies. Lastly, a strategy should be established to coordinate efforts aimed at securing or improving control system cyber security (U. S. G. P. O. 2004). The coordination efforts should include sharing of vulnerability information with other federal agencies as well as the private sector (Friedlander et. al 1979). In addition, other recommendations made to GAO to mitigate these threats include performing risk assessment periodically, implementing policies and procedures that are risk based to counter identified risks, educating and providing the staffs with security- awareness training and establishing procedures which will help in detecting, reporting and responding to issues regarding cybersecurity threats (Rondeau, 2008). Visa Waiver Program (VWP) The Visa Waiver Program provides way through which citizens of 27 countries can gain access to the United States for a period of 90 days without obtaining a visa (Moss & Michael, 2006). The terroristic attacks of 9-11, however, brought major concerns of the risk of foreigners with malicious intentions gaining entry into the United States. Consequently, tougher measures have had to be imposed to mitigate this potential threat. At the moment, foreigners from VWP countries are required to provide bibliographical information to the Customs and Border Protection (CBP) department before leaving for the United States (Saunter & Carafano, 2005). This is in accordance with the Recommendations made in the 9/11 Commission Act of 2007, Public Law 110-53, and Aug. , 2007, which also stipulates the guidelines to be adhered to by aliens from VWP countries wishing to travel to the United States either by air or sea. The amendments done to DHS regulations by the interim final rule allows for consideration of countries whose visa refusal rates laid between 3 and 10 percent in the previous fiscal year. Moreover, the regulation provides for the automation of the 1-94W process electronically in addition to enabling the provision of VWP traveler data in advance prior to travel by the individual. This is beneficial as it allows for a thorough scrutiny of the traveler’s documents well in advance before such individual enters the United States (Stiefel, 2008). The VWP however, still has some inherent risks that need to be tackled. Even though DHS has been successful in intercepting many counterfeit documents, an undetermined number of inadmissible foreigners have gained entry into the United States using a lost or stolen passport from a visa waiver country. Secondly, although the program eases consular workload, border inspectors face numerous challenges when screening VWP travelers. Notable among these challenges is the issue of language barrier and that of limited duration for conducting in-depth interviews (Wright & Wiesenger 2008). Moreover, due to insufficient funds, DHS’s monitoring unit cannot attain its main objective of monitoring and providing report on the ongoing security concerns in VWP member countries. Consequently, GAO recommended that in order to mitigate these risks, a number of actions will have to be implemented. First, DHS must incorporate biometric indicators into the air exit system in order to keep its power of admitting other countries into the program. Secondly, it needs to certify that the Electronic System for Travel Authorization (ESTA) used for screening visa waiver foreigners before they travel to the U. S. is fully in operation by early January, 2009 (Moss & Michael, 2006). The certification will grant DHS power to expand the VWP to countries with visa refusal rates of between 3 and 10 percent. Thirdly, it is also proposed that a clear process be established in coordination with the Department of state and Justice to assist in determining criteria to be employed in considering countries to be included in the program, timelines for their nomination and negotiation of bilateral agreements meant to implement the legislative requirements of the program. Lastly, it was suggested that an office be designated whose purpose would be to develop overstay rate information to monitor whether VWP countries comply with the statutory requirements of the VWP (U. S. G. P. O. 2004). Conclusion New methods for improving homeland security in the United States were the main focus for this study. Particular emphasis was however, laid on the Aviation transport sector, the implementation of the visa waiver program, in accordance with the standards recommended by GAO and on effective methods of countering the risks brought on information technology equipment through computer crime. It can be seen from the study that the effective function of the key security areas discussed lies in the implementation of the weaknesses identified by the researcher and those recommended by GAO following a prior assessment of the operations of these key areas. After these recommendations are implemented, it is believed that homeland security will have been greatly improved. In conclusion, therefore, future research on the improvement of homeland security should address both merits and the drawbacks experienced upon implementation of the proposed changes.

Comparing and contrasting the presentation Essay

  Comparing and contrasting power in Hawk Roosting and Human Interest The effects of power seem to be largely psychological in both poems. In Human interest the damage coursed by love and jealousy drives the man to kill his lover , to show power not only to himself but to his girlfriend. Later on in the poem we see the man in his prison cell questioning his motive behind his sudden outburst of rage; whereas in Hawk Roosting the hawk believes there’s no need for other predator’s existence as nature is ‘all’ his and ‘no arguments can assert’ his right to his power to kill. In Hawk Roosting the hawk has no restrictions in life and does as he pleases as he see’s himself as an all mighty being. But in Human Interest the man has a spur of the moment action that has a long-lasting effect, both on the dead girlfriend and on him in terms of a prison sentence. The effect of power on the hawk causes him to become arrogant and this making the pointlessness in other animals while the effect of power on man drives them insane and blind to those around us. The hawk wishes to ‘keep things like this’ and although we know this is about the hawk wanting to keep himself above all the rest he will eventually crumble and fall just as nature intended. The hawk abuses his power by killing those smaller then him to increase his status in the food chain. The effects of power leave contrasting images of a grief-stricken man left in a secluded room and the arrogance of roaming free, though both eventually are seen as murderers in life and will be nothing more.

Planned Parenthood - Profile

Planned Parenthood - Profile About Planned Parenthood: The term planned parenthood originally applied to practices to control the number of children born to a family. Nurse Margaret Sanger promoted information about birth control methods as a way of dealing with the poverty of families where parents could not provide financially for their growing families and were ignorant of sexual and medical knowledge that could limit the number of their children. About Planned Parenthood Organizations: Today, Planned Parenthood refers to the organizations at local, state, federal and international levels. Planned Parenthood Federation of America (PPFA) is the umbrella group at the national level in the United States, with umbrella affiliates, and the International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF) which is based in London unites groups around the world. The focus of Planned Parenthood Federation today is providing reproductive health care, sex education, counseling and information; abortion services, while the most controversial of their programs, is only a small part of the services provided in more than 800 health centers throughout the United States. Origin of Planned Parenthood Federation of America: In 1916, Margaret Sanger founded the first birth control clinic in the United States. In 1921, realizing that the needs for information and services were greater than her clinic could provide, she founded the American Birth Control League, and in 1923, the Birth Control Clinical Research Bureau. Realizing that birth control was a means and not the goal family planning was the goal the Birth Control Clinical Research Bureau was renamed Planned Parenthood Federation. Key Issues in Planned Parenthood History: Planned Parenthood has evolved to face different issues in womens reproductive services as the political and legal environment has changed. Margaret Sanger was jailed in her time for violation of the Comstock Law. Before the Roe v. Wade Supreme Court decision on abortion, clinics were limited to providing contraceptives and information and even those services were limited depending on the states. The Hyde Amendment made it difficult for poor women to obtain abortion by excluding such services from federal health services, and Planned Parenthood looked for alternatives to help poor women the initial target audience of Sangers birth control work to get needed health services and to manage their family size. Reagan and Bush Years: During the Reagan years, increasing attacks on womens reproductive choices affected Planned Parenthood. The Gag Rule, preventing family planning professionals from giving medical information about abortion, made it more difficult to provide services to women internationally. The attacks both through violence by individuals, promoted by anti-abortion organizations, and through legislative limits on abortion and other reproductive services challenged clinics and the legislative and lobbying associated organizations. The Bush years (both presidents Bush) included pushes for abstinence-only sex education (despite evidence that such sex education does not significantly cut the rate of teenage or premarital pregnancy) and more limits on reproductive choice including abortion. President Clinton lifted the Gag Rule but President George W. Bush reinstated it. 2004 March on Washington: In 2004, Planned Parenthood played a key role in organizing a pro-choice march on Washington, the March for Womens Lives, held on April 25 of that year. More than one million gathered on the National Mall for that demonstration, with women being a large majority of those demonstrating. Associated Organizations: Planned Parenthood Federation is associated with: Alan Guttmacher Institute, focusing on research and developmentPlanned Parenthood Action Fund (PPAF), a separate organization focusing on legal action and lobbyingInternational Planned Parenthood Federation Planned Parenthood Direction: Planned Parenthood clinics continue to be challenged with threats and actual incidents of terror as well as by attempts to intimidate or physically block women from entering those clinics for any services. Planned Parenthood also works for comprehensive sex education, to help prevent pregnancy through information, opposing abstinence-only programs which do not effectively prevent pregnancy. Planned Parenthood advocates for availability of legal contraceptive drugs or devices, access to abortion services, and ending censorship requirements on medical professionals preventing them from giving medical information to their patients. Those who oppose the availability of abortion or contraceptive services continue to identify Planned Parenthood for defunding efforts, attempts to close clinics through zoning and through protests, and other means. Those who advocate violence as a means of opposing reproductive choice also continue to target Planned Parenthood. Planned Parenthood and Related Elsewhere on the Web Planned Parenthood HistoryPlanned Parenthood Action CenterJohn Salvi, Abortion Clinic Violence, and Catholic Right ConspiracismPlanned Parenthood Plays the Violence CardNARAL Pro-Choice AmericaReligious Coalition for Reproductive Choice

Typical Course of Study - Kindergarten

Typical Course of Study - Kindergarten The elementary years lay the foundation for learning throughout a students educational career (and beyond). Childrens abilities undergo dramatic changes from kindergarten through 5th grade.   While public and private schools set the standards for their students,  homeschooling parents  may be unsure what to teach at each grade level. Thats where a typical course of study comes in handy.   A typical course of study provides a general framework for introducing appropriate skills and concepts for each subject at each grade level. Parents may notice that some skills and topics are repeated in multiple grade levels. This repetition is normal because the complexity of skills and depth of topics increases as a students ability and maturity increases. Kindergarten Kindergarten is a highly-anticipated time of transition for most children. Learning through play starts to give way to more formal lessons. (Though play remains an essential part of education through the elementary years.) For most young children, this first foray into formal learning will include pre-reading and early math activities. It is also a time for children to begin understanding their role and the roles of others in the community.   Language Arts A typical course of study for kindergarten language arts includes pre-reading activities such as learning to recognize upper- and lower-case letters of the alphabet and the sounds of each. Children enjoy looking at picture books and pretending to read. Its crucial to read to kindergarten students on a regular basis. Not only does reading aloud help children make connections between written and spoken words, but it also helps them acquire new vocabulary skills. Students should practice writing the letters of the alphabet and learn to write their name. Children may use drawings or invented spelling to tell stories.   Science Science helps kindergarten students begin to understand the world around them. It is essential to provide opportunities for them to explore science-related topics through observation and investigation. Ask students questions such as how, why, what if, and what do you think. Use nature study to help young students explore earth science and physical science. Common topics for kindergarten science include insects, animals, plants, weather, soil, and rocks.   Social Studies In kindergarten, social studies focus on exploring the world through the local community. Provide opportunities for children to  learn about themselves and their role in their family and community. Teach them about community helpers such as police officers and firefighters.   Introduce them to basic facts about their country, such as its president, its capital city, and some of its national holidays. Help them explore basic geography with simple maps of their home, city, state, and country. Math A typical course of study for kindergarten math includes topics such as counting, number recognition, one-to-one correspondence, sorting and categorizing, learning basic shapes, and pattern recognition. Children will learn to recognize numbers 1 through 100 and count by ones to 20. They will learn to describe the position of an object such as in, beside, behind, and between.   They will learn to recognize simple patterns such as A-B (red/blue/red/blue), complete a pattern that has been started for them, and create their own simple patterns. First Grade Children in first grade are starting to acquire more abstract thinking skills. Some begin to move toward reading fluency. They can understand more abstract math concepts and can complete simple addition and subtraction problems. They are becoming more independent and self-sufficient. Language Arts A typical course of study for first-grade language arts introduces students to age-appropriate grammar, spelling, and writing. Children learn to capitalize and punctuate sentences correctly. They are expected to spell grade level words correctly and capitalize common nouns. Most first grade students will learn to read one-syllable words that follow general spelling rules and use phonics skills to decipher unknown words.  Ã‚   Some common skills for first graders include using and understanding compound words; inferring a words meaning from context; understanding figurative language;  and writing short compositions. Science First-grade students will build on the concepts they learned in kindergarten. They will continue asking questions and predicting outcomes and will learn to find patterns in the natural world. Common science topics for first grade include plants; animals; states of matter (solid, liquid, gas); sound; energy; seasons; water; and weather. Social Studies First-grade students can understand the past, present, and future, though most dont have a solid grasp of time intervals (for example, 10 years ago vs.  50 years ago). They understand the world around them from the context of the familiar, such as their school and community.   Common first-grade social studies topics include basic economics (needs vs. wants), beginning  map skills (cardinal directions and locating state and country on a map), continents, cultures, and national symbols. Math First-grade math concepts reflect this age groups improved ability to think abstractly. Skills and concepts typically taught include addition and subtraction;  telling time to the half-hour; recognizing and counting money; skip counting (counting by 2s, 5s, and 10s); measuring;  ordinal numbers (first, second, third); and naming and drawing two-dimensional and three-dimensional shapes. Second Grade Second-grade students are becoming better at processing information and can understand more abstract concepts. They understand jokes, riddles, and sarcasm and like to try them on others.   Most students who did not master reading fluency in first grade will do so in second. Most second graders have also established foundational writing skills. Language Arts A typical course of study for second-grade children focuses on reading fluency. Children will begin reading grade-level text without stopping to sound out most words. They will learn to read orally at a conversational speaking rate and use  voice inflection for expression. Second-grade students will learn  more complex phonics concepts and vocabulary. They will begin to learn prefixes, suffixes, antonyms, homonyms, and synonyms. They may start learning cursive handwriting.  Ã‚   Common skills for second-grade writing include using reference tools (such as a dictionary); writing opinion and how-to compositions; using planning tools such as brainstorming and graphic organizers; and learning to self-edit. Science In second grade, children begin using what they know to make predictions (hypothesis) and look for patterns in nature. Common second-grade life science topics include life cycles, food chains, and habitats (or biomes).   Earth science  topics include the Earth and how it changes over time; the factors affecting those changes such as wind, water, and ice; and the physical properties and classification of rocks.   Students are also introduced to force and motion concepts such as push, pull, and  magnetism. Social Studies Second graders are ready to begin moving beyond their local community and using what they know to compare their region with other areas and cultures.   Common topics include Native Americans, key historical figures (such as George Washington or Abraham Lincoln), creating timelines, the United States Constitution, and the election process. Second graders will also learn more advanced map skills, such as locating the United States and individual states; finding and labeling oceans, continents, the North and South Poles, and the equator. Math In second grade, students will begin to learn more complex math skills and attain fluency in math vocabulary.   A second-grade math course of study usually includes place value (ones, tens, hundreds); odd and even numbers; adding and subtracting two-digit numbers; introduction of multiplication tables; telling time from the quarter hour  to the  minute; and fractions. Third Grade In third grade, students begin to make the shift from guided learning to more independent exploration. Because most third-graders are fluent readers, they can read directions themselves and take more responsibility for their work. Language Arts In language arts, the focus on reading shifts from learning to read to reading to learn. There is an emphasis on reading comprehension. Students will learn to identify the main idea or moral of a story and be able to describe the plot and how the actions of the main characters affect the plot. Third graders will begin using more complex graphic organizers as part of the pre-writing process. They will learn  to write book reports, poems, and personal narratives. Topics for third-grade grammar include parts of speech; conjunctions; comparative and superlatives; more complex capitalization and punctuation skills (such as capitalizing book titles and punctuating dialogue); and sentence types (declarative, interrogative, and exclamatory).   Students also learn about writing genres such as fairy tales, myths, fiction, and biographies.   Science Third graders start to tackle more complex science topics. Students learn about the scientific process,  simple machines  and  the moon and its phases. Other topics include living organisms (vertebrate and invertebrates); properties of matter; physical changes; light and sound; astronomy; and inherited traits. Social Studies Third-grade social studies topics help students continue to expand their view of the world around them. They learn about cultures and how the environment and physical features affect the people of a given region. Students learn about topics such as transportation, communication, and the exploration and colonization of North American. Geography topics include latitude, longitude, map scale, and geographic terms. Math Third-grade mathematical concepts continue to increase in complexity.   Topics include multiplication and division; estimation; fractions and decimals; commutative and associative properties; congruent shapes, area and perimeter; charts and graphs; and probability.   Fourth Grade Most fourth-grade students are ready to tackle more complex work independently. They start learning basic time management and planning techniques for long-term projects. Fourth-graders are also starting to discover their academic strengths, weaknesses, and preferences. They may be asynchronous learners who dive into topics that interest them while struggling in areas that dont.   Language Arts Most fourth-grade students are competent, fluent readers. It is an excellent time to introduce books series since many children at this age are captivated by them.   A typical course of study includes grammar, composition, spelling, vocabulary-building, and literature. Grammar focuses on topics such as similes and metaphors; prepositional phrases; and run-on sentences.   Composition topics include creative, expository, and persuasive writing; research (using sources such as the internet, books, magazines, and news reports); understanding fact vs. opinion; point of view; and editing and publishing. Students will read and respond to a variety of literature. They will explore genres such as folklore, poetry, and tales from a variety of cultures.   Science Fourth-grade students continue to deepen their understanding of the scientific process through practice. They may try conducting age-appropriate experiments and document them by writing lab reports.  Ã‚   Earth science topics in fourth grade include natural disasters (such as earthquakes and volcanoes); the solar system; and natural resources. Physical science topics include electricity and electrical currents; physical and chemical changes in states of matter (freezing, melting, evaporation, and condensation); and the water cycle. Life science topics typically cover how plants and animals interact with and support one another (food chains and food webs), how plants produce food, and how humans impact the environment. Social Studies The history of the United States and the students home state are common topics for social studies in fourth grade. Students will research facts about their home states such as its native population, who settled the land, its path to statehood, and significant people and events from state history.   U.S. history topics include the Revolutionary War and westward expansion (the explorations of Lewis and Clark and the lives of American pioneers) Math Most fourth-grade students should be comfortable adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing quickly and accurately. They will apply these skills to large whole numbers and learn to add and subtract fractions and decimals.   Other fourth-grade math skills and concepts include prime numbers; multiples; conversions; adding and subtracting with variables; units of metric measurements; finding the area and perimeter of a solid; and figuring the volume of a solid. New concepts in geometry include lines, line segments, rays, parallel lines, angles, and triangles.   Fifth Grade Fifth grade is the last year as an elementary student for most students since middle school is generally considered grades 6-8. While these young tweens may consider themselves mature and responsible, they often need continued guidance as they prepare to transition fully to independent learners.   Language Arts A typical course of study for fifth-grade language arts will include components that become standard through the high school years: grammar, composition, literature, spelling, and vocabulary-building.   The literature component includes reading a variety of books and genres; analyzing plot, character, and setting; and identifying the authors purpose for writing and how his point of view influences his writing. Grammar and composition focus on using correct age-appropriate grammar to write more complex compositions such as letters, research papers, persuasive essays, and stories; honing pre-writing techniques such as brainstorming and using graphic organizers; and building on the students understanding of parts of speech and how each is used in a sentence (examples include prepositions, interjections, and conjunctions). Science Fifth graders have a strong basic understanding of science and the scientific process. Theyll put those skills to work as they delve into a more complex understanding of the world around them. Science topics usually covered in fifth grade include the solar system; the universe; Earths atmosphere; healthy habits (proper nutrition and personal hygiene); atoms, molecules, and cells; matter; the Periodic Table; and taxonomy and the classification system. Social Studies In fifth grade, students continue their exploration of American history, studying events such as the War of 1812; the American Civil War; inventors and technological advances of the 19th century (such as Samuel B. Morse, the Wright Brothers, Thomas Edison, and Alexander Graham Bell); and basic economics (the law of supply and demand; the primary resources, industries, and products of the United States and other countries). Math A typical course of study for fifth-grade math  include dividing two- and three-digit whole numbers with and without remainders; multiplying and dividing fractions; mixed numbers; improper fractions; simplifying fractions; using equivalent fractions; formulas for area, perimeter, and volume; graphing; Roman numerals; and powers of ten. This typical course of study for elementary school is intended as a general guide. The introduction of topics and acquisition  of skills can vary widely based on the studentss maturity and ability level, a familys preferred homeschooling style, and the type of homeschool curriculum used.

What made Franklin D. Roosevelt such a powerful leader and one of the Essay

What made Franklin D. Roosevelt such a powerful leader and one of the most highly regarded presidents in American history - Essay Example Because of his strong advocacy, the love of freedom is still alive in America today (InfoUSA 1). As a great leader, Franklin Roosevelt devoted his effort to the service of his country. In as much as critics may highlight instances of failure during his presidency, Roosevelt has a legacy as a strong leader in the country’s history. People generally accept that F. D. Roosevelt remains one of the greatest leaders in the world. He served as the 32nd President of the country. Roosevelt was born in New York. His leadership guided the United States and helped it during hard moments. He has been considered a central political figure throughout the world, as well. Roosevelt laid a solid foundation of leadership as a president during his early age. He was bright during his young age and graduated from Harvard University. â€Å"Roosevelt became very active with the school newspaper.† When he undertook studies at Harvard, he spent most of his time in publishing the school newspaper. After he graduated from Harvard, â€Å"Franklin D. Roosevelt joined Columbia Law School.† Various experiences and knowledge helped him win the Senate seat later (Rosenberg 1). As a great leader, Roosevelt made a number of improvements in society. One of the most significant and remarkable things he did, and probably the most successful one, was that he led the United States recovery from the Great Depression (Rosen 130). The Great Depression was an economic decline in the United States. â€Å"Banks in all 48 states had either closed or had placed restrictions on how much money depositors could withdraw.† Most banks were bankrupted during the Great Depression; thus, people could not take their money. Additionally, unemployment rose and people lost their jobs overnight. People suffered during this period. As economic distress increased in the United States, Franklin Roosevelt was elected to be a new president instead of President Hoover in order to save

Geopolitics of Trade and Development Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Geopolitics of Trade and Development - Assignment Example ch media reports analyses geopolitical situations, this study will analyze the Ukraine and Russian crises over Crimea through a comparison of the Canadian news item (The star.com) and an international news item (CNN). Through a realist approach, this paper will thus analyze different manners with which the two media sources reported the situation. A CNN news report on 18 March 2014 by Matt Smith and Alla Eshchenko reporting the situation in Crimea was entitled â€Å"Ukraine cries ‘robbery’ as Russia annexes Crimea.† In a more influencing manner, the paper reported the culmination of events that led to the annexation of Crimea by Russia. By quoting from figures, CNN reported that the voter percentage of 97% for the Crimean residents voted for the nation to join the Russian Federation. Through the opening paragraphs of the article, the paper gives the reader a notion that the action by the Federation of Russia to annex Crimea is a legal situation going by the unfolding of events and the willingness of the Crimean citizens to join the Russian Federation. Nevertheless, CNN gives the readers of the article a perspective of its thought on the reason Ukraine has a right to cry foul over the ‘robbery’ of their territory. The paper offers a stand that appears to be in support of the United States’ policy on the Crimean crisis by citing to the reader the amount of influence the Russian Federation and military had in the voting by the Crimea to join the Russian Federation. The paper thus gives a more holistic approach to the situation by pointing to the reader the plight of the minority in Crimea who are unwilling to join the Russian Federation but lives in Crimean (Matt Smith & Alla Eshchenko, 2014). While narrowing on the situation in Crimea following the annexation of the region by the Russian Federation, the star.com news on 18th March 2014 under the title â€Å"Putin signs treaty annexing Crimea† majors on the economic and military implication of the